美参议院通过《新疆人权政策法案》
2019-09-12
美国国会参议院周三（11日）通过《新疆人权政策法案》,要求当局加强关注新疆人权被侵害的状况，以及制裁侵权的中国官员。有新疆问题专家表示，将来立法后，不排除新疆最高层官员会受到制裁。
周三在美国国会参议院通过的《新疆人权政策法案》要求美国多个政府部门，就中国打压新疆维吾尔族向国会提交报告，其中国务院须每年汇报当地镇压情况，包括再教育营关押人数、是否存在强逼劳动、政府监控规模等。国务卿也应评估能否按现行机制，譬如引用《马格尼茨基法案》，制裁涉及侵犯人权的中国官员。
法案由共和党国会参议员鲁比奥提出，获跨党派支持，众议院正排期审议，如果顺利通过，经总统特朗普签署后将正式成为法律。
世界维吾尔人大会发言人迪里夏提表示，《新疆人权政策法案》获美国参议院通过，为制止北京打压人权迈出重要一步。
迪里夏提："北京始终担忧遭国际社会谴责。美国参议院通过这项法案再次表明，人权高于主权，人权无国界。我们也期望这法案能带动更多有正义感的国家，进一步向中国施压，迫使中国政府放弃这种极端的政策。"
香港珠海学院伊斯兰问题专家侍建宇认为，法案过关和近来香港局势有一定关系。
侍建宇："这个法案到现在为止，从动议到现在已拖延了快2年的时间。过去没有通过是因为美国财政部公然指出，通过法案可能有碍于中美两国贸易谈判的进展。过去基本上好像有默契不会通过，但随着周边地区，包括香港局势的发展，造成很多中美贸易谈判格局上的困扰，现在通过了等于是美国的立场更坚硬。"
法案一旦落实，将迫使中国重新思考和检讨新疆再教育营等政策，但是否对新疆人权状况有正面意义，侍建宇认为还有待观察。
侍建宇："从中国的角度就觉得，美国是在干预它内政，中国会变得更硬或更软就不知道。变得更硬的话，可能会进入类似冷战的格局，如果变得更软，北京政府也很难自圆其说，就会变得非常尴尬。我们必须等到中国作出确切回应后才能了解。"
侍建宇表示，在《马格尼茨基法案》之下，侵权的中国官员将难免受到制裁，就连最高层官员也无法置身事外。
侍建宇："应该会到自治区党委书记这个层次。之前美国在游说这个法案的时候就已经提到这个党委书记的名字。 "
今年7月, 超过40名美国国会议员趁着新疆乌鲁木齐"七五事年"10周年, 再次要求特朗普政府就事件问责, 包括制裁中央政治局委员、新疆自治区党委书记陈全国,以及关注中国把约100万名穆斯林关押在再教育营。
记者：高锋 责编：陈美华、嘉远 网编：瑞哲
_______________________________________________For immediate release
September 12, 2019 9:30 am EST
Contact: Uyghur Human Rights Project +1 (202) 478 1920
https://uhrp.org/press-release/uhrp-welcomes-passage-uyghur-human-rights-policy-act-senate.html
UHRP welcomes the passage of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act by the United States Senate. This is the first legislation passed by any nation responding to the Uyghur human rights crisis, and sends a powerful message to Beijing. Global outrage continues to grow over China's horrific campaign of ethno-religious persecution.
UHRP salutes the leadership of Senators Marco Rubio (R-FL) and Robert Menendez (D-NJ), who have been longstanding advocates for a strong U.S. response to the Chinese government's severe human rights abuses. They have led a consistent drumbeat of bipartisan expressions of urgent concern about the Uyghur crisis, including a letter sent by 43 Members of Congress to Secretaries Mike Pompeo, Steven Mnuchin and Wilbur Ross calling for Magnitsky Sanctions and an expanded entities list of companies complicit in constructing the police state in East Turkestan. Representatives Eliot Engel (D-NY), Chris Smith (R-NJ), Brad Sherman (D-CA) and Ted Yoho (R-FL) made a similar call in their letter to Secretary Pompeo requesting information on US technology transfers to such companies.
UHRP looks forward to swift action by the House of Representatives to pass a companion bill. The leadership of Representatives Chris Smith (R-NJ), Tom Souzzi (D-NY), Brad Sherman (D-CA), and Ted Yoho (R-FL) has been crucial in pushing for House action. The bill has significant support among human rights and religious freedom organizations, with 23 signing a joint letter calling for its passage.
The passage of this bipartisan legislation in the Congress is an important step in enacting a full range of effective policies for effective action to end the nightmare experienced by the Uyghur people since March 2017, and can serve as an example to other nations. The joint letter from 22 countries to the U.N. Human Rights Commissioner in July calling for the Chinese government to close the camps demonstrates the urgent concern registered in world capitals. "The human rights crisis in East Turkestan shocks the conscience. We are seeing the beginnings of worldwide actions to respond to it," said UHRP Director Omer Kanat.
* * * * *
The Uyghur Human Rights Project (UHRP) is a human rights research, reporting and advocacy organization. Our mission is to promote human rights and democracy for the Uyghur people, raise awareness of abuses of Uyghurs' human rights, and support the right of the Uyghur people to use peaceful, democratic means to determine their own political future.
UHRP was founded in 2004 as part of the Uyghur American Association (UAA), a Uyghur diaspora group which works to promote the preservation and flourishing of a rich, humanistic and diverse Uyghur culture. In partnership with UAA, in 2016 UHRP began operations as an independent group.
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