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星期五, 3月 11, 2016

Going Electric, Even if Gas Is Cheap/油價雖低 車廠仍往電動車前進


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2016/03/11 第110期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Going Electric, Even if Gas Is Cheap/油價雖低 車廠仍往電動車前進
Crumbling, Destitute Schools Threaten Detroit's Recovery/學校破敗又窮困 底特律難復甦
紐時周報精選
 
Going Electric, Even if Gas Is Cheap/油價雖低 車廠仍往電動車前進
BILL VLASIC
While U.S. consumers were taking advantage of low gas prices to buy trucks and sport utility vehicles in large numbers, some automakers delayed investing in slower-selling electrified vehicles.

But with increases in federal fuel-economy standards looming in 2017, car companies are hustling to bring out hybrid and electric models to help them meet the new rules — even though electrified vehicles make up only 2 percent of overall sales.

美國消費者趁油價低大買卡車和運動休旅車之際,部分汽車製造商延緩了對銷售較慢的電動車的投資。

然而,由於聯邦燃油效率標準即將在2017年提高,汽車公司正在加緊推出油電複合車及電動車款來幫助他們符合新規範,雖然電動車僅占整體銷售額的2%。

The federal government has mandated corporate average fuel economy of 54.5 mpg by 2025. But companies need to meet an interim standard of about 37 mpg by next year.

聯邦政府已規定汽車公司須在2025年前達到每加侖行駛54.5英里的平均油耗,而這些公司必須在明年前符合每加侖約行駛37英里的臨時標準。

Now, despite declining gas prices, automakers showed off a raft of electric and hybrid models at the annual North American International Auto Show in Detroit.

Fiat Chrysler Automobiles introduced a plug-in hybrid-electric version of its new minivan model, the Pacifica, making it the first hybrid vehicle in the Italian-American automaker's lineup.

現在,儘管油價直直落,汽車製造商仍在底特律年度北美國際車展上展示一系列電動及油電車款。

飛雅特克萊斯勒汽車公司推出新廂型車款Pacifica的插電式油電複合版,使其成為這家義大利裔美籍汽車製造商旗下首款油電車。

The Pacifica joined several other new electrified models introduced by other automakers at the auto show, including models from Ford Motor Co. and General Motors.

除了Pacifica外,其他汽車製造商也在車展上推出數款新電動車,包括福特跟通用。

Fiat Chrysler has been an industry laggard in the push for electrified cars, relying heavily in recent years on sales of Ram pickups and Jeep sport utility vehicles to drive its growth in the U.S. market.

The results, at least financially, have been stellar. Profits have surged and market share has expanded at the expense of Fiat Chrysler's rivals.

飛雅特克萊斯勒發展電動車一直處於業界的末段班,近年來高度仰賴皮卡車Ram及運動休旅車Jeep來帶動在美國市場的成長。

而其成效,至少在財政上來說,一直很亮眼。飛雅特克萊斯勒獲利激增而且搶下了對手的市占率。

But Fiat Chrysler's chief executive, Sergio Marchionne, acknowledged that his company needed more high-mileage models, and the hybrid minivan was a good starting point.

但飛雅特克萊斯勒的執行長馬奇翁承認,他的公司需要更多更省燃料的車款,而這輛油電複合廂型車是個很好的開始。

"The 2025 numbers are very high numbers," Marchionne said at a news conference. "You look around the show at all the hybrids and the electrification as being a solution to the rules in 2025."

Marchionne said the company would improve its average by continuing to improve the mileage of its conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, as well as by adding hybrids.

馬奇翁在記者會上說:「2025年的數字是個很高的數字。你看看展場內各種油電複合車,電氣化是因應2025年規範的辦法。」

馬奇翁還說,該公司將藉由持續改善傳統汽油車的油耗及增加油電複合車型,以提高自家車輛的平均燃油效率。

 
Crumbling, Destitute Schools Threaten Detroit's Recovery/學校破敗又窮困 底特律難復甦
Julie Bosman
田思怡譯

In Kathy Aaron's decrepit public school, the heat fills the air with a moldy, rancid odor. Cockroaches, some 3 inches long, scuttle about until they are squashed by a student who volunteers for the task. Water drips from a leaky roof onto the gymnasium floor.

"We have rodents out in the middle of the day," said Aaron, a teacher of 18 years. "Like they're coming to class."

在凱西.亞倫破舊的公立學校裡,空氣悶熱,有發黴、腐臭的味道。蟑螂,有些足足有三吋長,到處亂竄,直到一名自告奮勇的學生把牠們壓扁。屋頂的漏水滴到體育館的地板上。

教了18年書的老師亞倫說:「我們這兒大白天也會有老鼠跑出來,好像牠們也來上課。」

Detroit's public schools are a daily shock to the senses, run down after years of neglect and mismanagement, while failing academically and teetering on the edge of financial collapse. Recently teachers again protested the conditions, calling in sick en masse and forcing a shutdown of most of the city's almost 100 schools.

Things have become so bad, district officials say, that the Detroit public school system could be insolvent by April.

底特律的公立學校每天都帶來感官的震撼,因長年忽略和管理不當而破敗不堪,教學成效甚差,財務也快垮了。最近學校老師再度抗議這些狀況,集體請病假,迫使這個城市的近百所學校大部分停課。

學區官員說,情況糟透了,底特律公立學校系統可能在四月之前破產。

"They're in need of a transformational change,"Michigan's governor, Rick Snyder, a Republican, acknowledged in his State of the State speech. "Too many schools are failing at their central task. Not all Detroit students are getting the education they deserve."

Many worry that the state of the schools will hamper Detroit's recovery from bankruptcy, a recovery evident in the new loft-style townhouses and the bustling Whole Foods that Aaron passes near her school, where she teaches fifth grade.

共和黨籍的密西根州州長李克.史奈德在年度州情報告中承認,「學校需要根本的改革,太多學校的核心任務都不及格。並非所有底特律學生都得到了他們應受的教育」。

許多人擔心這些學校的狀況將阻礙底特律從破產中復甦,復甦的跡象已顯現在開放空間風格的新連棟住宅,以及亞倫路過的她學校附近「全食超市」的熱鬧景象。她在學校教五年級。

Residents wonder how the city can ever recoup its lost population and attract young families if the public schools are in abysmal shape.

"As we begin to rebuild this city and we're seeing money and development moving in, people are understanding that there is no way we can improve Detroit without a strong educational system," said Mary Sheffield, a native of Detroit and a City Council member. "We have businesses and restaurants and arenas, but our schools are falling apart and our children are uneducated. There is no Detroit without good schools."

當地居民想知道,如果公立學校的狀況有如地獄深淵,這個城市如何補回流失的人口,以及吸引年輕家庭。

底特律土生土長的市議員瑪麗.薛菲爾德說:「在我們開始重建這個城市之際,我們看到錢和發展湧入,人們逐漸了解,沒有健全的教育體系,我們絕不可能改善底特律。我們有商家、餐廳和大型場館,但我們的學校在崩壞之中,我們的孩子沒有受到教育。沒有好的學校,就沒有底特律。」

The problems predate the municipal bankruptcy. One of the biggest is enrollment, which has been in free fall. In 2000, Detroit Public Schools had close to 150,000 students; this year, there are fewer than 45,000.

這些問題在市政府破產之前即已出現。最大問題之一是註冊人數直線下滑。西元2000年,底特律公立學校有接近15萬名學生;今年不到4萬5千名。

 
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